What does the term "stop and frisk" refer to?

The term "stop and frisk" refers specifically to a limited pat-down search for weapons that law enforcement officers can conduct when they have reasonable suspicion that an individual is armed and dangerous. This procedure allows officers to ensure their safety and the safety of those around them. The foundational case, Terry v. Ohio, established that officers can stop a suspect for a brief investigation and perform a protective search for weapons if they perceive a threat.

This concept is critical in policing because it balances the need for officer safety with the constitutional rights of individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures. The standard of "reasonable suspicion," which is less than probable cause, is what empowers officers to perform this limited search, distinguishing it from more invasive searches that require a warrant or probable cause. This judicial endorsement highlights the significance of public safety in the realm of law enforcement.