In which case did the Supreme Court rule that police officers could not use a gun for arrest due to excessive force?

The case that established the principle regarding the use of deadly force by police officers during an arrest is Tennessee v. Garner. In this landmark decision, the Supreme Court held that the use of deadly force to prevent the escape of a fleeing suspect is unconstitutional if the suspect poses no immediate threat to the officers or others nearby. This ruling is rooted in the Fourth Amendment, which protects against unreasonable seizures. The Court emphasized that deadly force may only be employed when it is necessary to prevent serious harm to the officers or the public.

Tennessee v. Garner is significant because it set clear limits on the use of force by law enforcement, ensuring that the police cannot use excessive force unless absolutely warranted by the circumstances. The decision has fundamentally influenced how police departments establish their use-of-force policies, promoting more stringent guidelines to protect civilians' rights.

In contrast, the other cases listed do not directly address the issues of excessive force or police arrests. Miranda v. Arizona focuses on the rights of individuals in police custody to be informed of their rights. Gideon v. Wainwright pertains to the right to counsel for defendants in criminal cases, and Roe v. Wade involves the right to privacy in matters of reproductive choice. Thus, the choice of Tennessee v. Garner clearly